Act on Electronic Signatures and Certification Business
The core legal framework behind electronic signatures in Japan. Used throughout the modern hanko section.
https://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/en/laws/view/3821/en
Bibliography
Bibliography
This page gathers the main sources used in hanko.co.jp articles. For the modern section in particular, we prioritize primary or near-primary materials: laws, Digital Agency guidance, municipal procedure pages, and official policy documents related to seals, electronic signatures, digital identity, and administrative reform.
Laws, policy, and official materials
Act on Certification Business of Local Governments in Relation to Electronic Signatures
Relevant to understanding JPKI and the local-government side of official electronic certification.
Japanese Public Key Infrastructure (JPKI)
Overview of JPKI, digital certificates, and use in online identity verification and document integrity.
https://www.digital.go.jp/en/policies/mynumber/private-business/jpki-introduction
List of companies and case studies introducing Japanese Public Key Infrastructure
Reference list showing current private-sector adoption and examples of JPKI use.
My Number Card utilization information for private sector
Case examples and explanatory material about private-sector uses of My Number Card and digital identity.
https://www.digital.go.jp/en/policies/mynumber/private-business/info
My Number Card utilization information for local governments
Local-government-side reference material for digital services, certificates, and public procedure.
https://www.digital.go.jp/en/policies/mynumber/local-government
My Number Card usage dashboard
Government dashboard used for understanding convenience-store certificate issuance and broader My Number Card usage.
https://www.digital.go.jp/en/resources/govdashboard/mynumber_usage
News on expanding smartphone-based electronic certificate services
Useful for current explanations of smartphone certificate functions and convenience-store issuance, including seal registration certificates in supported environments.
https://www.digital.go.jp/news/2f8ad392-1d4e-4c37-acde-72414d3f5021
Digital Extraordinary Administrative Advisory Committee / Administrative Research materials
Meeting materials relevant to reviewing unnecessary seal requirements and adapting procedure to digital principles.
Trust and DX meeting materials
Includes discussion relevant to jitsuin, seal registration certificates, and presumptions of intent.
Private-sector use outline / jitsuin-equivalent materials
Recent material relevant to stronger online identity, important transactions, and “jitsuin-equivalent” digital effects.
VC / Digital Identity governance-related materials
Policy and expert material relevant to the future of digital identity and authenticated attributes.
https://www.digital.go.jp/en/councils/vc-diw-governance-wg-tec/0162a4f3-291c-494e-b332-a27466e3c424
Municipal and practical guidance
Tama City: Seal Registration
A practical municipal guide explaining seal registration procedure, one-seal-per-person practice, and certificate issuance. Used as a concrete procedural reference.
https://www.city.tama.lg.jp/kurashi/jumin/inkan/1001778.html
About these sources
Across hanko.co.jp, especially in the modern section, we try to rely first on laws, government materials, and practical public guidance whenever a topic touches current procedure, digital identity, or official documentation.